RESEARCH PAPER
Why we put on the sorting hat: motivations to take fan personality tests
 
More details
Hide details
1
Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
 
2
Bishop’s University, Sherbrooke, Canada
 
3
Texas A&M University Commerce, Commerce, United States
 
 
Submission date: 2019-07-06
 
 
Final revision date: 2019-10-29
 
 
Acceptance date: 2019-12-09
 
 
Online publication date: 2019-12-30
 
 
Publication date: 2019-12-30
 
 
Current Issues in Personality Psychology 2019;7(4):265-273
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Background:
There is little reason to believe that fan-related personality tests, which tell fans what type of person they are based on their fa-vorite fan content, are valid or reliable. Nevertheless, fan-related personality tests remain incredibly popular online.

Participants and procedure:
Building upon existing fan research, the present study tests whether fans may have other motivations for taking such personality tests, drawing upon prior research by Wann. Self-identified fans (N = 425, Mage = 26.41, SD = 8.44) completed measures re-garding degree of identification with their fan interest, motivations to take fan quizzes, and frequency of taking fan personality quizzes.

Results:
Highly-identified fans were found to more frequently take fan-related personality tests, an association significantly mediated by both self-esteem and escapism motivations, but not mediated by eustress, entertainment, belongingness, or family motivations.

Conclusions:
The results suggest that highly identified fans participate in more fan personality quizzes to escape from the hassles of everyday life and increase positive self-worth. These results are discussed with respect to their theoretical relevance – both for research on personality testing and on fan activities – as well as for their practical implications.

REFERENCES (41)
1.
Cantril, H. (1942). Professor quiz: a gratifications study. In P. F. Lazarsfeld & F. Stanton (Eds.), Radio research 1941 (pp. 34–45). New York: Duell, Sloan, & Pearce.
 
2.
Chadborn, D., Edwards, P., & Reysen, S. (2017). Displaying fan identity to make friends. Intensities: The Journal of Cult Media, 9, 87–97.
 
3.
Cohen, J. (1997). Parasocial relations and romantic attraction: Gender and dating status differences. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41, 516–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/088381....
 
4.
Crysel, L. C., Cook, C. L., Schember, T. O., & Webster, G. D. (2015). Harry Potter and the measures of personality: Extraverted Gryffindors, agreeable Hufflepuffs, clever Ravenclaws, and manipulative Slytherins. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 174-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
5.
Edwards, P., Chadborn, D. P., Plante, C. N., Reysen, S., & Redden, M. H. (2019). Meet the Bronies: The psychology of the adult My Little Pony fandom. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
 
6.
Gouda, P., & Cormican, M. (2016). Virtual sorting hat™ technology for the matching of candidates to residency training programs. Medical Education, 50, 1249–1252. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.1....
 
7.
Haworth, J., & Lewis, S. (2005). Work, leisure, and well-being. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 33, 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/030698....
 
8.
Hu, A. W. L., & Tang, L. R. (2010). Factors motivating sports broadcast viewership with fan identification as a mediator. Social Behavior and Personality, 38, 681–690. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.20....
 
9.
Ickes, W. J., Wicklund, R. A., & Ferris, C. B. (1973). Objective self awareness and self esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9, 202–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1....
 
10.
Ihsan, Z., & Fumham, A. (2018). The new technologies in personality assessment: a review. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 70, 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1037/cpb000....
 
11.
Jenkins, H. (1992). Textual poachers: Television fans & participatory culture. London: Routledge.
 
12.
Jenkins, H. (2012). “Cultural acupuncture”: Fan activism and the Harry Potter alliance. Transformative Works and Cultures, 10. https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.20....
 
13.
Jeongyee, B., Hyunjoo, P., & Mikyung, Y. (2012). Effects of a self-discovery program for ego resilience, self-esteem, stress and depression in elementary school students. Journal of the Korean Academy of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, 21, 210–219. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmh....
 
14.
Knobloch-Westerwick, S., & Keplinger, C. (2006). Mystery appeal: Effects of uncertainty and resolution on the enjoyment of mystery. Media Psychology, 8, 193–212. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327....
 
15.
Lee, E., Lee, J. A., Moon, J. H., & Sung, Y. (2015). Pictures speak louder than words: Motivations for using Instagram. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18, 552-556. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.....
 
16.
Li, D., Liau, A., & Khoo, A. (2011). Examining the influence of actual-ideal self-discrepancies, depression, and escapism, on pathological gaming among massively multiplayer online adolescent gamers. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 535–539. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.....
 
17.
Lloyd, J. B. (2012) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® and mainstream psychology: analysis and evaluation of an unresolved hostility. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 33, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/136176....
 
18.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (2008). The five-factor theory of personality. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 159–181). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
 
19.
McInroy, L. B., & Craig, S. L. (2018). Online fandom, identity milestones, and self-identification of sexual/gender minority youth. Journal of LGBT Youth, 15, 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/193616....
 
20.
Mock, S. E., Plante, C., Reysen, S., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2013). Deeper leisure involvement as a coping resource in a stigmatized leisure context. Leisure/Loisir, 37, 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/149277....
 
21.
Murray, J. B. (1990). Review of research on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70, 1187–1202. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.19....
 
22.
Plante, C., Gentile, D. A., Groves, C. L., Modlin, A., & Blanco-Herrera, J. (2019). Video games as coping mechanisms in the etiology of video game addiction. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8, 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm000....
 
23.
Plante, C., Reysen, S., Roberts, S., & Gerbasi, K. (2016). Fur Science! A summary of five years of research from the International Anthropomorphic Research Project. Waterloo, ON: FurScience.
 
24.
Plante, C., Roberts, S., Snider, J., Schroy, C., Rysen, S., & Gerbasi, K. (2015). “More than skin-deep”: Biological essentialism in response to a distinctiveness threat in a stigmatized fan community. British Journal of Social Psychology, 54, 359–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.1....
 
25.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40....
 
26.
Reysen, S., & Branscombe, N. R. (2010). Fanship and fandom: Comparisons between sport fans and non-sport fans. Journal of Sport Behavior, 33, 176–193.
 
27.
Reysen, S., Chadborn, D., & Plante, C. N. (2018). Theory of planned behavior and intention to attend a fan convention. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 19, 204–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/154701....
 
28.
Reysen, S., Plante, C. N., Roberts, S. E., & Gerbasi, G. C. (2017). Optimal distinctiveness needs as predictors of identification in the anime fandom. The Phoenix Papers, 3, 25–32.
 
29.
Reysen, S., & Shaw, J. (2016). Sport fan as the default fan: Why non-sport fans are stigmatized. The Phoenix Papers, 2, 234–252.
 
30.
Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Time well-spent? Motivation for entertainment media and its eudaimonic aspects through the lens of self-determination theory. In L. Reinecke & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of media use and well-being: International perspectives on theory and research on positive media effects (pp. 34–48). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
 
31.
Roberts, S. E., Plante, C. N., Gerbasi, K. C., & Reysen, S. (2015). Clinical interaction with anthropomorphic phenomenon: Notes for health professionals about interacting with clients who possess this unusual identity. Health & Social Work, 40, e42–e50. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hl....
 
32.
Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass Communication & Society, 3, 3–37. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327....
 
33.
Schroy, C., Plante, C. N., Reysen, S., Roberts, S. E., & Gerbasi, K. C. (2016). Different motivations as predictors of psychological connection to fan interest and fan groups in anime, furry, and fantasy sport fandoms. The Phoenix Papers, 2, 148–167.
 
34.
Swann, W. B., & Read, S. J. (1981). Acquiring self-knowledge: The search for feedback that fits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 1119–1128. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3....
 
35.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
 
36.
Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 149–178. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2....
 
37.
True Colors: Exploring Personal and Leadership Style (n.d.). Retrieved from http://bonner.pbworks.com/w/fi....
 
38.
Vignoles, V. L., Regalia, C., Manzi, C., Golledge, J., & Scabini, E. (2006). Beyond self-esteem: Influence of multiple motives on identity construction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 308–333. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3....
 
39.
Wang, Q., Fink, E. L., & Cai, D. A. (2008). Loneliness, gender, and parasocial interaction: a uses and gratifications approach. Communication Quarterly, 56, 87–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/014633....
 
40.
Wann, D. L. (1995). Preliminary validation of the sport fan motivation scale. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 19, 377–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/019372....
 
41.
Weersing, K., Padilla-Gamino, J., & Bruno, B. (2010). What microbe are you? The Science Teacher, 77, 40–44.
 
Copyright: © Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk This is an Open Access journal, all articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
eISSN:2353-561X
ISSN:2353-4192
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top