RESEARCH PAPER
Five-factor personality model versus affective temperaments: a study in a nonclinical Polish sample
 
More details
Hide details
1
Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Poland
 
2
Faculty of Psychology, University of Finance and Management, Warsaw, Poland
 
 
Submission date: 2018-03-06
 
 
Final revision date: 2019-01-02
 
 
Acceptance date: 2019-01-05
 
 
Online publication date: 2019-02-05
 
 
Publication date: 2019-03-01
 
 
Current Issues in Personality Psychology 2019;7(1):15-23
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Background:
The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between five-factor personality model traits and affective temperaments.

Participants and procedure:
The sample consisted of 615 healthy Caucasian adults (395 women and 220 men) recruited from a nonclinical population. Par-ticipants’ ages ranged from 17 to 69 (M = 30.79, SD = 9.69). The Polish version of Akiskal’s Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Auto-Questionnaire was used for the assessment of affective temperaments. The five-factor personality model traits were measured with the Polish version of Costa and McCrae’s NEO-FFI Personality Inventory.

Results:
Neuroticism positively correlated with depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments, but negatively with hyper-thymic temperament. Extraversion positively correlated with hyperthymic temperament, but negatively with all other affective temperaments. Neuroticism together with introversion was the best predictor of depressive temperament, accounting for 55% of the variance. Neuroticism also explained 37% of the anxious temperament variance and 22% of cyclothymic temperament vari-ance. Extraversion predicts hyperthymic temperament (accounting for 25% of the variance) and low agreeableness predicts irri-table temperament (10% of explained variance). The results confirmed that women are more depressive, cyclothymic and anx-ious and less hyperthymic than men and have a higher level of neuroticism than men.

Conclusions:
The results highlight the importance of two personality traits: neuroticism and extraversion. They may share similarities with certain affective temperaments and may also contribute to development of affective disorders.

 
REFERENCES (34)
1.
Akiskal, K. K., & Akiskal, H. S. (2005). The theoretical underpinnings of affective temperaments: Implications for evolutionary foundations of bipolar disorder and human nature. Journal of Affective Disorders, 85, 231–239. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2004.08.002.
 
2.
Akiskal, H. S., Akiskal, K. K., Haykal, R. F., Manning, J. S., & Connor, P. D. (2005). TEMPS-A: Progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. Journal of Affective Disorders, 85, 3–16. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2004.12.001.
 
3.
Bagby, R. M., & Widiger, T. A. (2018). Five Factor Model personality disorder scales: An introduction to a special section on assessment of maladaptive variants of the five factor model. Psychological Assessment, 30, 1–9. doi: 10.1037/pas0000523.
 
4.
Blӧink, R., Brieger, P., Akiskal, H. S., & Marneros, A. (2005). Factorial structure and internal consistency of the German TEMPS-A scale: Validation against the NEO-FFI questionnaire. Journal of Affective Disorders, 85, 77–83. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(03)00101-0.
 
5.
Borkowska, A., Rybakowski, J. K., Drożdż, W., Bieliński, M., Kosmowska, M., Rajewska-Rager, A., Bucinski, A., Akiskal, K. K., & Akiskal, H. S. (2010). Polish validation of the TEMPS-A: The profile of affective temperaments in a college student population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 123, 36–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.09.024.
 
6.
Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality Development: Stability and Change. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 453–484. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913.
 
7.
Cassin, S. E., & von Ranson, K. M. (2005). Personality and eating disorders: a decade in review. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 895–916. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.04.012.
 
8.
Costa Jr., P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2001). A theoretical context for adult temperament. In T. D. Wachs & G. A. Kohnstamm (Eds.), Temperament in context (pp. 1–21). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
 
9.
Dembińska-Krajewska, D., & Rybakowski, J. (2014). The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) – An important tool to study affective temperaments. Psychiatria Polska, 48, 261–276.
 
10.
Gonda, X., Rihmer, Z., Zsombok, T., Bagdy, G., Akiskal, K. K., & Akiskal, H. S. (2006). The 5HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene is associated with affective temperaments as measured by TEMPS-A. Journal of Affective Disorders, 91, 125–131. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2005.12.048.
 
11.
Gonda, X., Fountoulakis, K. N., Juhasz, G., Rihmer, Z., Lazary, J., Laszik, A., Akiskal, H. S., & Bagdy, G. (2009). Association of the s allele of the 5-HTTLPR with neuroticism-related traits and temperaments in a psychiatrically healthy population. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 259, 106–113. doi: 10.1007/s00406-008-0842-7.
 
12.
IBM Corp. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
 
13.
Karam, E. G., Salamoun, M. M., Yeretzian, J. S., Mneimneh, Z. N., Karam, A. N., Fayyad, J., Hantouche, E., Akiskal, K. K., & Akiskal, H. S. (2010). The role of anxious and hyperthymic temperaments in mental disorders: a national epidemiologic study. World Psychiatry, 9, 103–110. doi: 10.1002/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00287.x.
 
14.
Kawamura, Y., Akiyama, T., Shimada, T., Minato, T., Umekage, T., Noda, Y., Ukawa, K., Hashidume, C., Sakai, Y., Otowa, T., Sasaki, T., & Akiskal, H. S. (2010). Six-year stability of affective temperaments as measured by TEMPS-A. Psychopathology, 43, 240–247. doi: 10.1159/000313522.
 
15.
Kotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010). Linking “big” personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 768–821. doi: 10.1037/a0020327.
 
16.
Kwapil, T. R., DeGeorge, D., Walsh, M. A., Burgin, C. J., Silvia, P. J., & Barrantes-Vidal, N. (2013). Affective temperaments: Unique constructs or dimensions of normal personality by another name? Journal of Affective Disorders, 151, 882–890. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.07.028.
 
17.
Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., & Schutte, N. S. (2005). The relationship between the Five-Factor Model of personality and symptoms of clinical disorders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 27, 101–114. doi: 10.1007/s10862-005-5384-y.
 
18.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr., P. T. (2005). Personality in adulthood: A Five-Factor Theory perspective (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
 
19.
McCrae, R. R., & Sutin, A. R. (2018). A Five-Factor Theory perspective on causal analysis. European Journal of Personality, 32, 151–166. doi: 10.1002/per.2134.
 
20.
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60, 175–215. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00970.x.
 
21.
Naragon-Gainey, K., & Simms, L. J. (2017). Three-way interaction of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness in the internalizing disorders: Evidence of disorder specificity in a psychiatric sample. Journal of Research in Personality, 70, 16–26. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.05.003.
 
22.
Oniszczenko, W., Stanisławiak, E., Dembińska-Krajewska, D., & Rybakowski, J. (2017). Regulative Theory of Temperament versus affective temperaments measured by the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Auto-Questionnaire (TEMPS-A): A study in a non-clinical Polish sample. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 5, 73–82. doi: 10.5114/cipp.2017.65847.
 
23.
Ormel, J., Jeronimus, B. F., Kotov, R., Riese, H., Bos, E. H., Hankin, B., Rosmalen, J. G. M., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2013). Neuroticism and Common Mental Disorders: Meaning and utility of a complex relationship. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 686–697. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.04.003.
 
24.
Pompili, M., Baldessarini, R. J., Innamorati, M., Vázquez, G. H., Rihmer, Z., Gonda, X., Forte, A., Lamis, D. A., Erbuto, D., Serafini, G., Fiorillo, A., Amore, M., & Girardi, P. (2018). Temperaments in psychotic and major affective disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 195–200. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.026.
 
25.
Rovai, L., Maremmani, A. G., Rugani, F., Bacciardi, S., Pacini, M., Dell’Osso, L., Akiskal, H. S., & Maremmani, I. (2013). Do Akiskal & Mallya’s affective temperaments belong to the domain of pathology or to that of normality? European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Science, 17, 2065–2079.
 
26.
Seney, M. L., & Sibille, E. (2014). Sex differences in mood disorders: perspectives from humans and rodent models. Biology of Sex Differences, 5, 17. doi: 10.1186/s13293-014-0017-3.
 
27.
Solmi, M., Zaninotto, L., Toffanin, T., Veronese, N., Lin, K., Stubbs, B., Fornaro, M., & Correll, C. U. (2016). A comparative meta-analysis of TEMPS scores across mood disorder patients, their first-degree relatives, healthy controls, and other psychiatric disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 196, 32–46. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.013.
 
28.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
 
29.
Uliaszek, A. A., Al-Dajani, N., & Bagby, R. M. (2015). The relationship between psychopathology and a hierarchical model of normal personality traits: Evidence from a psychiatric patient sample. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 719–734. doi: 10.1521/pedi_2014_28_170.
 
30.
Vázquez, G. H., & Gonda, X. (2013). Affective temperaments and mood disorders: A review of current knowledge. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 9, 21–32. doi: 10.2174/1573400511309010004.
 
31.
Vázquez, G. H., Tondo, L., Mazzarini, L., & Gonda, X. (2012). Affective temperaments in general population: A review and combined analysis from national studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 139, 18–22. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.032.
 
32.
Watson, D., Stasik, S. M., Ellickson-Larew, S., & Stanton, K. (2015). Extraversion and psychopathology: A facet-level analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 432–446. doi: 10.1037/abn0000051.
 
33.
Yoo, W., Mayberry, R., Bae, S., Singh, K., Peter He, Q., & Lillard, J. W. (2014). A study of effects of multicollinearity in the multivariable analysis. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 4, 9–19.
 
34.
Zawadzki, B., Strelau, J., Szczepaniak, P., & Śliwińska, M. (1998). Inwentarz Osobowości NEO-FFI Costy i McCrae. Adaptacja polska. Podręcznik [Costa and McCrae’s NEO-FFI Personality Inventory. Polish adaptation. Manual]. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego.
 
Copyright: © Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk This is an Open Access journal, all articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
eISSN:2353-561X
ISSN:2353-4192
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top