RESEARCH PAPER
External shame, loneliness, psychological distress, and well-being: insights from the Turkish adaptation of the Other as Shamer Scale-2
1
Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
2
Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Submission date: 2020-03-24
Final revision date: 2020-05-01
Acceptance date: 2020-05-06
Online publication date: 2020-06-30
Publication date: 2020-07-20
Current Issues in Personality Psychology 2020;8(2):154-167
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
the role of personality in interpersonal relations and social behaviorspersonality and behavior dynamicsquality of life and well beingpersonality assessment and diagnosis
ABSTRACT
Background:
In this paper, we examine the Other as Shamer Scale-2 (OAS-2), a unidimensional and brief scale to directly assess external shame. In three studies with three independent samples of a Turkish university, we present evidence for OAS-2 validity with respect to well-being outcomes (subjective happiness, flourishing, and subjective well-being) and psychological distress out-comes (depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness) through direct comparisons with existing measures.
Participants and procedure:
In Study 1 (N = 311), confirmatory factor analyses, measurement invariance across gender, and Item Response Theory (IRT) were examined. In Study 2 (N = 380), criterion-related validities of the OAS-2 were analyzed. In Study 3 (N = 252), incremen-tal validity was examined using PROCESS. Also, internal consistency, composite reliability, and temporal reliability (n = 89) of the OAS-2 were investigated.
Results:
In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses supported the unidimensionality of the measure. The results provide support for meas-urement invariance across gender. All item scores fit the IRT model and were fit with ordered, progressing hierarchies in their step difficulties. In Study 2, criterion-related validity for the OAS-2 was demonstrated through positive correlations with loneli-ness, and negative correlations with subjective happiness and flourishing. In Study 3, findings indicated the mediation impact of external shame on well-being via psychological distress. The OAS-2 showed satisfactory reliability coefficients.
Conclusions:
Overall, the OAS-2 proved to be a valuable and reliable tool, which presents a short form to measure external shame. In addi-tion, it was observed that the OAS-2 was related to both well-being and psychological distress.
In this paper, we examine the Other as Shamer Scale-2 (OAS-2), a unidimensional and brief scale to directly assess external shame. In three studies with three independent samples of a Turkish university, we present evidence for OAS-2 validity with respect to well-being outcomes (subjective happiness, flourishing, and subjective well-being) and psychological distress out-comes (depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness) through direct comparisons with existing measures.
Participants and procedure:
In Study 1 (N = 311), confirmatory factor analyses, measurement invariance across gender, and Item Response Theory (IRT) were examined. In Study 2 (N = 380), criterion-related validities of the OAS-2 were analyzed. In Study 3 (N = 252), incremen-tal validity was examined using PROCESS. Also, internal consistency, composite reliability, and temporal reliability (n = 89) of the OAS-2 were investigated.
Results:
In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses supported the unidimensionality of the measure. The results provide support for meas-urement invariance across gender. All item scores fit the IRT model and were fit with ordered, progressing hierarchies in their step difficulties. In Study 2, criterion-related validity for the OAS-2 was demonstrated through positive correlations with loneli-ness, and negative correlations with subjective happiness and flourishing. In Study 3, findings indicated the mediation impact of external shame on well-being via psychological distress. The OAS-2 showed satisfactory reliability coefficients.
Conclusions:
Overall, the OAS-2 proved to be a valuable and reliable tool, which presents a short form to measure external shame. In addi-tion, it was observed that the OAS-2 was related to both well-being and psychological distress.
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