RESEARCH PAPER
Psychometric properties of the Polish versions of the HEXACO-60 and the HEXACO-100 personality inventories
 
More details
Hide details
1
Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
 
2
University Research Priority Program Social Networks, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
 
3
Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
 
4
Faculty of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
 
 
Submission date: 2020-04-04
 
 
Final revision date: 2020-07-23
 
 
Acceptance date: 2020-07-30
 
 
Online publication date: 2020-10-21
 
 
Publication date: 2020-10-01
 
 
Current Issues in Personality Psychology 2020;8(3):255-278
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Background:
The HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R), available in 200-, 100-, and 60-item versions, has become one of the most frequently applied measurement tools for the assessment of basic personality dimensions.

Participants and procedure:
In this study we examined the Polish versions of the HEXACO-60 and the HEXACO-100 inventories in a community sample of 522 individuals (aged 16-75, M = 32.02, SD = 14.15, 56.3% female). We verified the factor validity of both inventories with exploratory structural equation modeling. Additionally, we tested a six-factor solution on the HEXACO-60 items with principal axis extraction and we compared a factor matrix of the Polish adaptation of the HEXACO-100 facets with the factor matrix of the original version of the HEXACO-100 facets in an exploratory factor comparison analysis. We analyzed correlations between HEXACO domains and various models of personality traits, including the Big Two, Big Six, Big Five, and 10 Big Five as-pects.

Results:
Internal consistency reliability coefficients for scales and subscales were satisfactory. The analyses supported the six-factor structure of the inventories and the results of correlation analyses were consistent with expectations.

Conclusions:
The results indicate that the Polish versions of the HEXACO-60 and the HEXACO-100 inventories are reliable and valid in-struments for measuring basic personality traits in the HEXACO model.

REFERENCES (74)
1.
Aghababaei, N. (2012). Religious, honest and humble: Looking for the religious person within the.
 
2.
HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 880–883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
3.
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2001). A theoretical basis for the major dimensions of personality. European Journal of Personality, 15, 327–353. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.41....
 
4.
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2007). Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 150–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/108886....
 
5.
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2008). The HEXACO model of personality structure. In G. J. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. Saklofske (Eds.), Handbook of personality theory and testing. Vol. 2: Personality measurement and assess-ment (pp. 239–260). London: Sage.
 
6.
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2009). The HEXACO-60: a short measure of the major dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, 340–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/002238....
 
7.
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2018). How well do Big Five measures capture HEXACO scale variance? Journal of Personality Assessment, 9, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/002238....
 
8.
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2019). Religiousness and the HEXACO personality factors and facets in a large online sample. Journal of Personality, 87, 1103–1118. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.1....
 
9.
Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., Marcus, B., & de Vries, R. E. (2007). German lexical personality factors: Relations with the HEXACO model. European Journal of Personality, 21, 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.59....
 
10.
Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., Perugini, M., Szarota, P., de Vries, R. E., Di Blas, L., Boies, K., & De Raad, B. (2004). A six-factor structure of personality-descriptive adjectives: Solutions from psycholexical studies in seven lan-guages. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 356–366. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3....
 
11.
Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., Pozzebon, J. A., Visser, B. A., & Worth. N. C. (2010). Status-driven risk taking and the major dimensions of personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 734–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.....
 
12.
Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., & Visser, B. A. (2019). Where’s the H? Relations between BFI-2 and HEXACO-60 scales. Personality and Individual Differences, 137, 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
13.
Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2009). Exploratory structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Model-ing: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 16, 397–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/107055....
 
14.
Barford, K. A., Zhao, K., & Smillie, L. D. (2015). Mapping the interpersonal domain: Translating between the Big Five, HEXACO, and Interpersonal Circumplex. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 232–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
15.
Barrett, P. (1986). Factor comparison: An examination of three methods. Personality and Individual Differ-ences, 7, 327–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8....
 
16.
Barrett, P. (2013). Orthosim target-comparison matrix fitting. Retrieved from https://www.pbarrett.net/.
 
17.
Becker, L. A. (1998). Effect Size Calculators [computer software]. Retrieved from https://www.uccs.edu/~lbecker/.
 
18.
Browne, M. W. (2001). An overview of analytic rotation in exploratory factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 36, 111–150. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327....
 
19.
Cohen, T. R., Wolf, S. T., Panter, A. T., & Insko, C. A. (2011). Introducing the GASP scale: a new measure of guilt and shame proneness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 947–966. https://doi.org/10.1037/a00226....
 
20.
Condon, D., & Revelle, W. (2014). The international cognitive ability resource: Development and initial valida-tion of a public-domain measure. Intelligence, 43, 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inte....
 
21.
De Raad, B. (2009). Structural models of personality. In P. J. Corr & G. Matthews (Eds.), The Cambridge hand-book of personality psychology (pp. 127–147). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
 
22.
De Raad, B., Barelds, D. P. H., Levert, E., Ostendorf, F., Mlacic, B., Di Blas, L., Hřebíčková, M., Szirmák, Z., Szarota, P., Perugini, M., Church, A. T., & Katigbak, M. S. (2010). Only three factors of personality descripti-on are fully replicable across languages: a comparison of 14 trait taxonomies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 160–173. https://doi.org/10.1037/a00171....
 
23.
de Vries, R. E., de Vries, A., de Hoogh, A., & Feij, J. (2009). More than the Big Five: Egoism and the HEXACO model of personality. European Journal of Personality, 23, 635–654. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.73....
 
24.
de Vries, R. E., Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2008). The Dutch HEXACO personality inventory: Psychometric prop-erties, self-other agreement, and relations with psychopathy among low and high acquaintanceship dyads. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90, 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/002238....
 
25.
DeYoung, C. G. (2015). Cybernetic Big Five Theory. Journal of Research in Personality, 56, 33–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.....
 
26.
DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 888–896. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3....
 
27.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative “description of personality”: The Big-Five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1216–1229. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3....
 
28.
Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level fac-ets of several Five-Factor models. In I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7–28). Tilburg: Tilburg University Press.
 
29.
Goldberg, L. R., Johnson, J. A., Eber, H. W., Hogan, R., Ashton, M. C., Clonninger, C. R., & Gough, H. G. (2006). The International Personality Item Pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.....
 
30.
Gorbaniuk, O., Budzińska, A., Owczarek, M., Bożek, E., & Juros, K. (2013). The factor structure of Polish per-sonality-descriptive adjectives: an alternative psycho-lexical study. European Journal of Personality, 27, 304–318. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.19....
 
31.
Hilbig, B. E., & Zettler, I. (2015). When the cat’s away, some mice will play: a basic trait account of dishonest behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 57, 72–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.....
 
32.
Hilbig, B. E., Zettler, O., Leist, F., & Heydasch, T. (2013). It takes two: Honesty-Humility and Agreeableness differentially predict active versus reactive cooperation. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 598–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
33.
Hopwood, C. J., & Donnellan, M. B. (2010). How should the internal structure of personality inventories be evaluated? Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14, 332–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/108886....
 
34.
John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory – Versions 4a and 54. Berkeley, CA: Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California.
 
35.
John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, Ch. J. (2008). Paradigm shift to the integrative Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and conceptual issues. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 114–158). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
 
36.
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO Personality Inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 329–358. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327....
 
37.
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2005). Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and Narcissism in the Five-Factor Model and the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1571–1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
38.
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2008). The HEXACO personality factors in the indigenous personality lexicons of English and 11 other languages. Journal of Personality, 76, 1002–1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467....
 
39.
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2009). Reanalysis of the structure of the Greek personality lexicon. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40, 693–700. https://doi.org/10.1177/002202....
 
40.
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2012). Getting mad and getting even: Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility as predic-tors of revenge intentions. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 596–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
41.
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2013). Prediction of self- and observer report scores on HEXACO-60 and NEO-FFI scales. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 668–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.....
 
42.
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2018). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO-100. Assessment, 25, 543–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/107319....
 
43.
Ludeke, S. G., Bainbridge, T. F., Liu, J., Zhao, K., Smillie, L. D., & Zettler, I. (2019). Using the Big Five Aspect Scales to translate between the HEXACO and Big Five personality models. Journal of Personality. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.1....
 
44.
McCrae, R. R. (1990). Traits and trait names: How well is Openness represented in natural languages?.
 
45.
European Journal of Personality, 4, 119–129. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.24....
 
46.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (2003). Personality in adulthood: a Five-Factor Theory perspective (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.
 
47.
McCrae, R. R., Zonderman, A. B., Bond, M. H., Costa, P. T., & Paunonen, S. V. (1996). Evaluating replicability of factors in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory: Confirmatory factor analysis versus Procrustes rota-tion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 552–566. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3....
 
48.
McDonald, R. P. (1978). Generalizability in factorable domains: “Domain validity and generalizability”. Educa-tional and Psychological Measurement, 38, 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316....
 
49.
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: a unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates.
 
50.
McGrath, D. S., Neilson, T., Lee, K., Rash, Ch. L., & Rad, M. (2018). Associations between the HEXACO model of personality and gambling involvement, motivations to gamble, and gambling severity in young adult gamblers. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7, 392–400. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7....
 
51.
Međedović, J., Čolović, P., Dinić, B. M., & Smederevac, S. (2019). The HEXACO Personality Inventory: Valida-tion and psychometric proprieties in the Serbian Language. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101, 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/002238....
 
52.
Peabody, D., & De Raad, B. (2002). The substantive nature of psycholexical personality factors: a comparison across languages. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 983–997. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-....
 
53.
Revelle, W. (2016). Using R and the “psych” package to find ω. Retrived from http://personality-project.org....
 
54.
Revelle, W., & Zinbarg, R. E. (2009). Coefficients alpha, beta, omega and the glb: Comments on Sijtsma. Psy-chometrika, 74, 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336....
 
55.
Romero, E., Villar, P., & López-Romero, L. (2015). Assessing six factors in Spain: Validation of the HEXACO-100 in relation on the Five Factor Model and other conceptually relevant criteria. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
56.
Saucier, G. (1992). Openness versus intellect: Much ado about nothing? European Journal of Personality, 6, 381–386. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.24....
 
57.
Saucier, G. (2009). Recurrent personality dimensions in inclusive lexical studies: Indications for a Big Six struc-ture. Journal of Personality, 77, 1577–1614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467....
 
58.
Saucier, G., Hampson, S. E., & Goldberg, L. R. (2000). Cross-language studies of lexical personality factors. In S. E. Hampson (Ed.), Advances in personality psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 1–36). Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis.
 
59.
Saucier, G., & Srivastava, S. (2015). What makes a good structural model of personality? Evaluating the Big Five and alternatives. In M. Mikulincer & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), APA handbook of personality and social psy-chology. Vol. 4: Personality processes and individual differences (pp. 283–305). Washington, DC: APA.
 
60.
Saucier, G., Thalmayer, A. G., Payne, D. L., Carlson, R., Sanogo, L. Ole-Kotikash, L., Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., Somer, O., Szarota, P., Szirmák, Z., & Zhou, X. (2014). A basic bivariate structure of personality attributes evident across nine languages. Journal of Personality, 82, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.1....
 
61.
Skimina, E., Cieciuch, J., & Strus, W. (2018). Traits and values as predictors of the frequency of everyday be-havior: Comparison between models and levels. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144....
 
62.
Soto, C. J., & John, O. P. (2017). The next Big Five Inventory (BFI-2): Developing and assessing a hierarchical model with 15 facets to enhance bandwidth, fidelity, and predictive power. Journal of Personality and So-cial Psychology, 113, 117–143. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp00....
 
63.
Strus, W., & Cieciuch, J. (2019). Are the questionnaire and the psycho-lexical Big Twos the same? Towards an integration of personality structure within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits. International Journal of Personality Psychology, 5, 18–35. https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.....
 
64.
Strus, W., Cieciuch, J., & Rowiński, T. (2012, July). Polish version of Big Five Aspects Scales from International Personality Item Pool. Poster presented at the 16th European Conference on Personality, Trieste, Italy.
 
65.
Szarota, P. (1996). Taxonomy of the Polish personality-descriptive adjectives of the highest frequency of use. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 27, 343–351.
 
66.
Szarota, P., Ashton, M., & Lee, K. (2007). Taxonomy and structure of the Polish personality lexicon. European Journal of Personality, 21, 823–852. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.63....
 
67.
Thalmayer, A. G., & Saucier, G. (2014). The Questionnaire Big Six in 26 nations: Developing cross-culturally applicable Big Six, Big Five and Big Two inventories. European Journal of Personality, 28, 482–496. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.19....
 
68.
Thalmayer, A. G., Saucier, G., & Eigenhuis, A. (2011). Comparative validity of brief to medium-length Big Five and Bix Six personality questionnaires. Psychological Assessment, 23, 995–1009. https://doi.org/10.1037/a00241....
 
69.
Thalmayer, A. G., Saucier, G., Ole-Kotikash, L., & Payne, D. (2019). Personality structure in East and West Afri-ca: Lexical studies of personality in Maa and Supyire-Senufo. Journal of Personality and Social Psycholo-gy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp00....
 
70.
Thielmann, I., Akrami, N., Babarović, T., Belloch, A., Bergh, R., Chirumbolo, A., … Lee, K. (2019). The HEXA-CO-100 across 16 languages: a large-scale test of measurement invariance. Journal of Personality Assess-ment. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/002238....
 
71.
Trapnell, P. D. (1994). Openness versus intellect: a lexical left turn. European Journal of Personality, 8, 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.24....
 
72.
Truskauskaitė-Kunevičienė, I., Kaniušonytė, G., Kratavičien, R., & Kratavičiūtė-Ališauskienė, A. (2012). Psy-chometric properties of the Lithuanian versions of HEXACO-100 and HEXACO-60. Educational Psycholo-gy, 23, 6–14.
 
73.
Wakabayashi, A. (2014). A sixth personality domain that is independent of the Big Five domains: The psycho-metric properties of the HEXACO Personality Inventory in a Japanese sample. Japanese Psychological Re-search, 56, 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12....
 
74.
Wilt, J., & Revelle, W. (2019). The Big Five, everyday context and activities, and affective experience. Personal-ity and Individual Differences, 136, 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
Copyright: © Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk This is an Open Access journal, all articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
eISSN:2353-561X
ISSN:2353-4192
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top