RESEARCH PAPER
Psychometric properties and validation of the Polish adaptation of the Light Triad Scale
 
 
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Health Psychology and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Opole University, Opole, Poland
 
 
Submission date: 2019-11-28
 
 
Final revision date: 2020-01-11
 
 
Acceptance date: 2020-01-11
 
 
Online publication date: 2019-12-30
 
 
Publication date: 2019-12-30
 
 
Current Issues in Personality Psychology 2019;7(4):341-354
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Background:
The aim of the study was to examine the development and structural validation of the Polish version of the Light Triad Scale, which measures three factors: Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism. This tool reflects caring and beneficent orienta-tion toward other people, which is demonstrated in everyday behaviour.

Participants and procedure:
The participants included 400 people aged between 18 and 80 (M = 29.17, SD = 10.60). To measure psychometric properties and for validation of the scale, we used the Polish Dirty Dozen scale and International Personality Item Pool-Big Five Aspect Scales.

Results:
Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis using α and ω coefficients, and two measures of validity (content and criterion validity) were applied. The statistical analyses confirmed an acceptable fit of the three-factor model. The α and ω reliability coef-ficients were satisfactory, with the highest value for Faith in Humanity, and the lowest one for Kantianism. The validity indices of CVR and CVI indicated that the Polish scale items fit well into the concept of the Light Triad.

Conclusions:
Overall, the Polish version of the Light Triad Scale proved to be a valuable and reliable tool which presents an innovative ap-proach to measuring positive features of personality and behaviour. Our results demonstrated that the scale as a whole has good psychometric properties that allow its use in further research.

 
REFERENCES (42)
1.
Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Re-search in Personality, 40, 440–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.....
 
2.
Back, M. D., Küfner, A. C., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T. M., Rauthmann, J. F., & Denissen, J. J. (2013). Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. Journal of Personality and So-cial Psychology, 105, 1013–1037. https://doi.org/10.1037/a00344....
 
3.
Brožek, J. (1955). Personality changes with age: an item analysis of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality In-ventory. Journal of Gerontology, 10, 194–206. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj....
 
4.
Carter, G. L., Campbell, A. C., Muncer, S., & Carter, K. A. (2015). A Mokken analysis of the Dark Triad ‘Dirty Dozen’: Sex and age differences in scale structures, and issues with individual items. Personality and Indi-vidual Differences, 83, 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
5.
Ciżkowicz, B. (2018). Omega McDonalda jako alternatywa dla alfa Cronbacha w szacowaniu rzetelności testu [McDonald’s omega as an alternative to Cronbach’s alpha in scale score reliability estimation]. Polskie Fo-rum Psychologiczne, 23, 311‒329.
 
6.
Czarna, A. Z., Jonason, P. K., Dufner, M., & Kossowska, M. (2016). The Dirty Dozen Scale: Validation of a Polish version and extension of the nomological net. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.....
 
7.
DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 880–896. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3....
 
8.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2....
 
9.
Dinic, B., & Wertag, A. (2018). Effects of dark triad and HEXACO traits on reactive/proactive aggression: Ex-ploring the gender differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 123, 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
10.
Donaldson, S. I., Dollwet, M., & Rao, M. A. (2015). Happiness, excellence, and optimal human functioning re-visited: Examining the peer-reviewed literature linked to positive psychology. The Journal of Positive Psy-chology, 10, 185–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/174397....
 
11.
Edwards, A. E., & Wine, D. B. (1963). Personality changes with age; their dependency on concomitant intellec-tual decline. Journal of Gerontology, 18, 182–184. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj....
 
12.
Epstein, J., Santo, R. M., & Guillemin, F. (2015). A review of guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of ques-tionnaires could not bring out a consensus. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 68, 435–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcli....
 
13.
Evans, L., & Tully, R. J. (2016). The triarchic psychopathy measure (TriPM): Alternative to the PCL-R? Aggres-sion and Violent Behavior, 27, 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.....
 
14.
Francuz, P., & Mackiewicz, R. (2005). Liczby nie wiedzą, skąd pochodzą [The numbers don’t know where they came from]. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL.
 
15.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden- and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-....
 
16.
Greven, C. U., Buitelaar, J. K., & Salum, G. A. (2018). From positive psychology to psychopathology: The con-tinuum of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.1....
 
17.
Ivtzan, I., Lomas, T., Hefferon, K., & Worth, P. (2015). Second wave positive psychology: Embracing the dark side of life. London: Routledge.
 
18.
Jonason, P. K., Icho, A., & Ireland, K. (2016). Resources, harshness, and unpredictability: the socioeconomic conditions associated with the Dark Triad traits. Evolutionary Psychology, 14, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470....
 
19.
Kaufman, S. B., Yaden, D. B., Hyde, E., & Tsukayama, E. (2019). The Light vs. Dark Triad of Personality: Con-trasting two very different profiles of human nature. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 467. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.....
 
20.
Kim, H. Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, 38, 52–54. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.20....
 
21.
Koladich, S. J., & Atkinson, B. E. (2016). The dark triad and relationship preferences: a replication and exten-sion. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 253–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
22.
Krok, D. (2015). The mediating role of optimism in the relations between sense of coherence, subjective and psychological well-being among late adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 134–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
23.
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28, 563‒575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744....
 
24.
Lomas, T., & Ivtzan, I. (2016). Second wave positive psychology: Exploring the positive–negative dialectics of wellbeing. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17, 1753–1768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902....
 
25.
Lopez, S. J., Pedrotti, J. T., & Snyder, C. R. (2019). Positive psychology: The scientific and practical explora-tions of human strengths. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
 
26.
Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Otgaar, H., & Meijer, E. (2017). The malevolent side of human nature: a meta-analysis and critical review of the literature on the Dark Triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopa-thy). Perspectives in Psychological Science, 12, 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1177/174569....
 
27.
Panitz, E. (1989). Psychometric investigation of the Mach IV scale measuring Machiavellianism. Psychological Reports, 64, 963–968. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.19....
 
28.
Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Toward a taxonomy of dark personalities. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23, 421–426. https://doi.org/10.1177/096372....
 
29.
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 556–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-....
 
30.
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A classification and handbook. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
 
31.
Razali, N. M., & Wah, Y. B. (2011). Power comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Lilliefors and Anderson-Darling tests. Journal of Statistical Modeling and Analytics, 2, 21–33.
 
32.
Rogoza, R., & Cieciuch, J. (2017). Structural investigation of the Short Dark Triad questionnaire in Polish popu-lation. Current Psychology, 38, 756–763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144....
 
33.
Rogoza, R., & Cieciuch, J. (2018). Dark Triad traits and their structure: an empirical approach. Current Psy-chology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144....
 
34.
Rogoza, R., Wyszyńska, P., Maćkiewicz, M., & Cieciuch, J. (2016). Differentiation of the two narcissistic faces in their relations to personality traits and basic values. Personality and Individual Differences, 95, 85–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid....
 
35.
Rowiński, T., Kowalska-Dąbrowska, M., Strus, W., Cieciuch, J., Czuma, I., Żechowski, C., Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2019). Measurement of pathological personality traits according to the DSM-5: a Polish ad-aptation of the PID-5. Part II–empirical results. Psychiatria Polska, 53, 23-48. https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/On....
 
36.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3....
 
37.
Schmid, K., & Muldoon, O. T. (2015). Perceived threat, social identification, and psychological well‐being: The effects of political conflict exposure. Political Psychology, 36, 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.1....
 
38.
Shen, H., & Wyer Jr, R. S. (2007). Procedural priming and consumer judgments: Effects on the impact of posi-tively and negatively valenced information. Journal of Consumer Research, 34, 727–737. https://doi.org/10.1086/523292.
 
39.
Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2011). Age differences in personality traits from 10 to 65: Big Five domains and facets in a large cross-sectional sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 330–348. https://doi.org/10.1037/a00217....
 
40.
Srivastava, S., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2003). Development of personality in early and middle adulthood: Set like plaster or persistent change? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1041–1053. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3....
 
41.
Strohminger, N., Knobe, J., & Newman, G. (2017). The true self: a psychological concept distinct from the self. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 12, 551–560. https://doi.org/10.1177/174569....
 
42.
Strus, W., Rowiński, T., & Cieciuch, J. (2012). Polish version of Big five Aspects Scales from International Per-sonality Item Pool. Triest: 16th European Conference on Personality.
 
Copyright: © Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk This is an Open Access journal, all articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
eISSN:2353-561X
ISSN:2353-4192
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top